怎样使用Ubuntu

2018年8月13日 | 分类: 【技术】

【介绍】

Ubuntu 是一个以桌面应用为主的开源 GNU/Linux 操作系统。
Ubuntu 基于 Debian GNU/Linux,支持x86、amd64(即x64)和ppc架构,由全球化的专业开发团队(Canonical Ltd)打造的。
Ubuntu 基于 Debian 发行版和 GNOME 桌面环境,而从11.04版起,Ubuntu 发行版放弃了 Gnome 桌面环境,改为 Unity 。

【环境】

环境:Ubuntu 18.04 x64

【工具】

build-essential:

参考:https://tecadmin.net/install-development-tools-on-ubuntu/

apt-get install build-essential -y

libtool等:

apt-get install make libtool libtool-bin m4 autoconf automake libtool git aptitude htop dos2unix zip unzip -y

【更新】

参考:https://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1222909

apt-get update -y && apt-get upgrade -y && apt-get dist-upgrade -y
aptitude update -y && aptitude upgrade -y && aptitude dist-upgrade -y

【排错】

缺 libtool 时,报错:

:~/ModSecurity# ./build.sh
./build.sh: 6: ./build.sh: libtoolize: not found
./build.sh: 7: ./build.sh: autoreconf: not found
./build.sh: 8: ./build.sh: autoheader: not found
./build.sh: 9: ./build.sh: automake: not found
./build.sh: 10: ./build.sh: autoconf: not found

缺 m4 时,报错:

~/ModSecurity# ./build.sh
libtoolize:   error: One of these is required:
libtoolize:                 gm4 gnum4 m4
libtoolize:   error: Please install GNU M4, or 'export M4=/path/to/gnu/m4'.

参考:https://www.howtoinstall.co/en/ubuntu/trusty/m4

缺 autoconf automake 时,报错:

~/ModSecurity# ./build.sh
...
./build.sh: 7: ./build.sh: autoreconf: not found
./build.sh: 8: ./build.sh: autoheader: not found
./build.sh: 9: ./build.sh: automake: not found
./build.sh: 10: ./build.sh: autoconf: not found

参考:https://blog.csdn.net/x356982611/article/details/70856470

sysv-rc-conf:

参考:https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_42380024/article/details/80614290
参考:https://stackoverflow.com/questions/20680050/how-do-i-install-chkconfig-on-ubuntu

ubuntu中chkconfig已经被sysv-rc-conf替代,具体如下操作如下:

chkconfig: command not found

sysv-rc-conf命令:

apt-get install sysv-rc-conf
sysv-rc-conf keepalived on

报错:

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
E: Unable to locate package sysv-rc-conf

参考:https://askubuntu.com/questions/378558/unable-to-locate-package-while-trying-to-install-packages-with-apt/481355
参考:https://www.cnblogs.com/sunyl1982/p/11864241.html

在软件源列表末尾添加如下内容:/etc/apt/sources.list

deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty main universe restricted multiverse

更新apt-get:

apt-get update

安装sysv-rc-conf:

apt-get install sysv-rc-conf -y

参考:https://blog.csdn.net/u013554213/article/details/86584705

systemctl:

ubuntu自从15.04版本以后都使用了systemd。Systemctl是一个systemd工具,主要负责控制systemd系统和服务管理器。

参考:https://blog.csdn.net/philosophyatmath/article/details/88863136
参考:https://stackoverflow.com/questions/20680050/how-do-i-install-chkconfig-on-ubuntu

foobar表示伪变量。

打开服务:

systemctl start foobar

关闭服务:

systemctl stop foobar

重启服务:

systemctl restart foobar

不中断正常功能下重新加载服务:

systemctl reload foobar

设置服务的开机自启动:

systemctl enable foobar

关闭服务的开机自启动:

systemctl disable foobar

查看某个服务的状态:

systemctl status foobar

查看已启动的服务列表:

systemctl list-unit-files|grep enabled

查看活跃的单元:

systemctl list-units

查看启动失败的服务列表:

systemctl --failed

【桌面】

输入以下命令安装桌面以及 Windows 远程桌面的工具:

参考:https://www.jianshu.com/p/4befb190c94b
参考:https://www.jianshu.com/p/daba3fd81786

sudo apt-get install lxde
sudo apt-get install xrdp

打开 Windows 附件自带的远程桌面连接:

参考:https://jingyan.baidu.com/article/cbcede07ce04ee02f40b4d08.html

1. 按 Windows键 + R ,在运行中输入 mstsc
2. 在远程桌面登录框中输入 IP 地址和 Ubuntu 系统的用户名,点击连接,输入密码。